Common health problems in popular dog breeds

1. Labrador retriever 

Labrador retrievers are known for being loyal, smart and loving. Their playful personality and friendly nature make them a top choice for families across the UK, so it’s no surprise they’re the nation’s most popular dog breed.

Common health issues and care tips:

• Hip and elbow dysplasia: This is a genetic condition where the hip or elbow joints don’t develop properly. This can lead to arthritis and joint pain over time. Regular vet check-ups can help catch these issues early. Feeding your dog a balanced diet and providing regular exercise, like walking, swimming or light running, can also help keep their joints healthy
• Obesity: Labradors tend to gain weight easily, which can worsen joint problems. It can also lead to other health problems, such as diabetes and heart disease. To keep their weight in check, feed your dog a healthy diet, watch portion sizes and make sure they get regular exercise
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA): This inherited eye condition causes gradual vision loss and can lead to blindness. Regular eye check-ups can help catch PRA early. There’s no cure, but your vet might suggest antioxidant therapy to slow it down. Early diagnosis also gives you time to make any adjustments at home to support your dog as their vision changes

2. Cocker spaniel

Playful, active and affectionate, the cocker spaniel is one of the UK’s most beloved dog breeds. In 2024, they were ranked the second most popular choice for pet owners.

Common health issues are care tips:

• Ear infections: Cocker spaniels have long, floppy ears that can trap moisture, making them more likely to get ear infections. To help prevent this, clean and dry their ears regularly.  Watch out for early signs of infection, like head shaking or scratching
• Hip dysplasia: Cocker spaniels can also be prone to hip dysplasia, a condition where the hip joint doesn’t fit properly. This can lead to pain and mobility issues. To help look after their joints, make sure your dog eats a balanced diet and gets plenty of regular, low-impact exercise
• Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA): This is an eye disease that some dogs can inherit. It causes vision loss over time and can eventually lead to blindness. Regular eye check-ups are important to catch PRA early, and some vets might recommend antioxidant therapy to help slow it down. If your dog has PRA, making your home safer and more comfortable can help as their vision changes

3. French bulldog

The French bulldog is loved for its small size and relaxed, friendly personality. Ranked third in popularity in the UK, this breed makes a great choice for pet owners who want a dog that’s easy-going and affectionate.

Common health issues: 

• Breathing problems: French bulldogs have flat faces which can make it hard for them to breathe, especially after exercise or in hot weather. To help, avoid over-exercising them and make sure they have plenty of shade
• Heat sensitivity:  This breed French bulldogs can easily overheat because of their short snouts. On hot days, keep them in a cool or air-conditioned space and give them lots of water to keep them hydrated
• Skin issues, including allergies: Their loose, wrinkled skin can also be sensitive and get itchy or irritated. Check their skin regularly for any issues and use gentle skincare products. A hypoallergenic diet can also help with skin issues

4. Miniature smooth haired dachshund

Small in size but big in personality, the smooth-haired dachshund continues to be a popular choice for pet lovers in the UK due to its charming and bold nature.

Common health issues and care tips: 

• Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD): Dachshunds’ long backs can make them prone to IVDD, a condition that can lead to back problems. To help prevent this, keep them at a healthy weight, limit jumping, and use ramps for stairs and furniture to reduce strain on their spine
• Obesity: Dachshunds are known to gain weight easily, which can put extra strain on their backs and joints. Feeding them a healthy, balanced diet and making sure they get regular exercise can help keep their weight in check and support their overall health

5. Golden retriever

Golden retrievers are known for their intelligence, gentle nature and loyalty, making them one of the most popular dog breeds in the UK.

Common health issues and care tips: 

• Hip and elbow dysplasia: Golden retrievers can have issues with their hips and elbows, which can cause pain and make it harder to move. Regular vet visits can help catch these problems early. A healthy diet and gentle exercise, like swimming, can also help keep joints healthy
• Cancer: Unfortunately, golden retrievers are at a higher risk for cancers, such as lymphoma and hemangiosarcoma. Regular vet check-ups are important, and it’s a good idea to watch for any unusual lumps or symptoms. Finding some cancers early can make treatment easier
• Skin allergies: Golden retrievers can also have skin allergies that cause itching, irritation and discomfort. Regular grooming and gentle baths with hypoallergenic shampoos can help keep their skin healthy. But if your dog is very itchy, it’s best to check with your vet

6. German shepherd

The German shepherd is a popular family dog, known for its large size, intelligence and protective nature. Loyal and dependable, this breed is often chosen as a service dog due to its strong work ethic and reliability.

Common health issues and care tips: 

• Hip dysplasia: German shepherds can have hip dysplasia, where their hip joints don’t fit properly. This can cause pain and make it hard to move. Regular vet check-ups can help catch it early. A healthy diet and regular exercise, like walking and swimming, are easy on joints and can help them stay strong
• Degenerative myelopathy: This spinal disease causes weakness in the back legs, making it harder for dogs to move around. There’s no cure, but physical therapy and mobility aids can help. Regular vet visits could help catch symptoms early and make them more comfortable
• Bloat (gastric dilatation-volvulus): Bloat is a serious condition where the stomach fills with gas and twists, which can be life-threatening if not treated quickly. To lower the risk, feed your dog smaller, more frequent meals and avoid exercise right after eating. Watch for signs like a swollen belly, excessive drooling or restlessness. If you see these, take your dog to the vet immediately

7. Staffordshire bull terrier

Staffordshire bull terriers, or Staffies, may look tough but they’re are known for being affectionate and gentle, especially with children. This makes them a popular choice with families.

Common health issues and care tips: 

• Skin allergies: Staffies can be prone to skin allergies, which may cause itching and discomfort. Regular grooming and a hypoallergenic diet can help keep their skin healthy. If you notice frequent scratching or redness, speak to your vet
• Hip dysplasia: This breed can sometimes have issues with their hips, which can affect their mobility as they age. Keeping them active with gentle exercise and maintaining a healthy weight can reduce stress on their joints. Regular vet check-ups can also help catch any issues early
• Patella luxation (knee dislocation): Staffies may also experience patellar luxation, where the kneecap slips out of place. This can cause lameness or pain, so if your dog shows signs of limping, it’s a good idea to reach out to your vet. In some cases, your dog may need surgery to fix the problem

8. Jack Russell terrier

Ranked in eighth place, the small but energetic Jack Russell terrier is known for its high energy, bold personality and playful nature.

Common health issues and care tips: 

• Patellar luxation (knee dislocation): Jack Russells sometimes have problems with their knees, where the kneecap slips out of place and causes discomfort. Joint supplements and a balanced diet can help, but speak to your vet if your dog shows signs of pain
• Deafness: Some Jack Russells may have hearing issues, either from birth or as they age. Regular hearing checks can help catch any problems early
• Eye conditions: This breed can also be prone to certain eye conditions, such as lens luxation, which can affect their vision. Routine eye exams are a good idea to keep their eyes healthy

9. Border collie

Border collies are highly intelligent and energetic dogs, known for their strong herding instincts. They’re a great choice for active owners who can keep up with their energy levels.

Common health issues and care tips: 

• Hip dysplasia: Border collies can be prone to hip dysplasia, a condition that causes joint pain and affects their ability to move around. Keeping them at a healthy weight and providing regular, gentle exercise can help support their joints and keep them comfortable
• Collie eye anomaly (CEA): This breed can sometimes develop CEA, an inherited eye condition that affects vision. Routine eye exams at the vet can help catch any issues early, ensuring your dog gets the care they need
• Epilepsy: Border collies can also be prone to epilepsy. If your dog has seizures, your vet can prescribe medications to help manage the condition and improve their quality of life

10. Whippet

Whippets are gentle, friendly and easy-going dogs that love to relax but still have bursts of energy.  They make loyal, affectionate pets who are well-suited for a quiet, loving home.

Common health issues and care tips: 

• Heart disease: Whippets can sometimes experience heart issues. Regular vet check-ups can help keep track of their heart health and catch potential problems early
• Skin issues: With their thin coats, whippets are more prone to skin problems, especially in cold weather. Gentle grooming and moisturising when needed can help keep their skin soft and healthy
• Hypothyroidism: Whippets can sometimes develop thyroid problems. Symptoms to look out for include weight gain, tiredness and sensitivity to the cold. Regular vet check-ups can catch it early, and treatment can help keep it under control

Why pet insurance matters

No matter your dog’s breed, pet insurance can make a big difference.

Dogs can face many health issues, both expected and unexpected, and vet bills can add up quickly. Pet insurance can help cover the cost of things like emergencies and long-time care for chronic conditions.  Getting cover means your dog can get the care they need, without you worrying about finances.

Having pet insurance also offers pea ce of mind, allowing you to focus on your dog’s wellbeing. It means you’re prepared for whatever health challenges may come, giving you confidence that your loyal sidekick is in good hands.

Key takeaways 

• Understanding the health conditions your dog’s breed might be prone to can help you stay prepared and make choices that keep them happy and healthy. Knowing what to watch out for means you can take steps early on to give your pup the best care
• This guide covers some of the most common health concerns in the UK’s most popular dog breeds. But it’s always a good idea to do your own research, especially if your dog’s breed isn’t listed here, and speak to your vet about any specific health concerns about your pet
• Pet insurance can be a big help if your dog ever faces health problems, from regular check-ups to unexpected emergencies. It’s there to cover costs so you can focus on keeping your furry friend healthy and happy, without the worry of surprise bills